Corporate social responsibility (CSR) encourages companies to be more aware of their impact on society. Its focus can be wide ranging, addressing issues such as education, health, gender inequalities and the environment. Its focus can be wide ranging, addressing issues such as education, health, gender inequalities and the environment. In this business model, the economic and legal responsibilities of corporate entities take prominence. After achieving business goals and targets, the organisation looks at ethical and philanthropic responsibilities.At this point clarity emerges over how and why CSR programmes are developed. An organisation recognises its responsibility to the area in which it is located and the community it serves through jobs and other investments.To use the United Kingdom as an example, neoliberal policies were first introduced by Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s. This policy shift was continued in the 21st Century by Tony Blair’s ‘Third Way’ and David Cameron’s ‘Big Society’. Gradually the role of the welfare state has been reduced and the responsibility is passed on to the third and private sectors.More recently, corporations have been encouraged to look beyond their own communities and also concentrate on the global community. “Corporate global citizenship” has become a buzz term used to describe this process.  According to Foreign Affairs: “It expresses the conviction that companies not only must be engaged with their stakeholders but are themselves stakeholders alongside governments and civil society.” The final piece of the CSR jigsaw is that, in the time since CSR emerged, sport has been increasingly used as a vehicle for change. The United Nations recognises the power and potential to use sport to work toward the Sustainable Development goals (SDGs). Funding is an ongoing concern for NGOs but CSR programmes can provide financial security. As well as financial partnerships, collaborating with a big corporation can improve an NGO’s access to networks. Such collaborations may involve the sharing of information, resources or specialists suited to individual sport for development programmes.

https://www.sportanddev.org/en/article/news/sport-and-corporate-social-responsibility

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/aug/09/talk-point-sport-development

Prejudice faced by Afghan women with a disability has proved no barrier to its national wheelchair basketball team. These Afghan women are very hopeful for Paralympic gold. Nilofar Bayat a 24-year-old team captain played her first wheelchair basketball game in the middle of Kabul, surrounded by males who looked on and insulted her by calling her names and saying derogatory statements. Today Bayat is preparing to qualify for the next year’s Paralympic games in Tokyo- a tough challenge but nothing that the team cannot overcome. Due to insecurities many training sessions are cancelled for securities reasons and the woman feel alone they don’t have the support needed from family. The woman families feel that their safety is put in jeopardy playing wheelchair basketball in such tough conditions. Even after getting married many woman of the team dropped out of the basketball tournament. The husbands said they were concerned about the safety of their wives playing in the “tough circumstances” especially internationally.Just tw0 years ago the Afghanistan’s female national wheelchair basketball team only started competing internationally two years ago, at the Bali Cup. The inexperience of the team did not stop them for taking home the gold either. The 12 team roster has since participated in the Asian Para Games and will travel to Thailand later this year for a chance to compete and qualify for the Tokyo games in 2020. Since 2012 the Afghanistan national wheelchair team now have their own gym snug between Kabul’s hills, offering some type of privacy and security to the team from the staring crowds. In 2014 the country’s wheelchair basketball federation was recognised internationally, paving the way for the women to compete around the world. This story here proves how you should never stop chasing you dreams. If you want something go after it until you achieve it never stop. The males who taunted the women when they first organized this group are now fans who sit at home and cheer them on to each and every victory.

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/mar/12/afghan-women-eyeing-paralympic-gold-wheelchair-basketball

Sport is intermediated, controlled and contested by great numbers of organisations, headed by what can be termed global sports organisations (GSOs). The GSOs can be defined as the supreme organs of governance in sport whose authority is global. Despite this the growing body of international sports law is concerned more with the governance of athletes’ behaviour, and their relationships with their organisations and rules than with the organisations themselves (for examples see the International Association of Sports Law, 2004). Partly this is unavoidable as corrupt financial practice is a matter for criminal or corporate law within national jurisdictions. In addition the corruption is often political rather than directly financial. Thus the President of a GSO can use financial patronage to poorer national associations to secure votes their in presidential elections. The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), founded by the IOC, does not cover such practices but is concerned with the governance of athletes. It examines athletes and hears their appeals, often against the rulings of competition judges or against exclusion from competition for performance enhancing drugs offences rather than to deal with organisations (as an example case see Court of Arbitration for Sport, 2002). CAS was formally separated from the IOC in 1993/1994 and given its own formally autonomous governing council, ICAS (see Appendix), although the President of both ICAS and CAS is K. Mbaye, formerly a vice‐president of the IOC. Similarly the global sports anti‐doping agency (WADA) was founded as an agency of the IOC. A systematic approach to sport governance has been lacking and is overdue. One reason is sufficient and that is the perception of corruption associated with several of the major GSOs. Rather than having a regular team owner the international teams have GSOs; which are people who strictly enforce the authority to abide by rules and laws. The corruption is international games have became so absurd these actions have been put into place.

https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Conferences-Events/2017/WCOS/Speakers/Peter-White.aspx

In the era of globalization, one increasingly finds oneself in a situation of having to work with representatives of various cultures. A person does not always have an impact on the choice of co-workers, but in order to arrange the relationship correctly it is necessary to know and respect cultural differences. In sport, the effect of globalization is very visible because the coverage of sport knows no bounds. In Poland, it manifests itself in a much greater amount and variety of foreigners em- ployed in Polish clubs. Lack of awareness of cultural differences, insufficient prepa- ration, general ignorance, and at the same time very often lack of humility, lead to the collapse of the communication within a sports organization and general difficulty in cooperation. So therefore it is insisted that you always find a common ground in sports when you have different cultures on your team. Humans have participated in sports all over the world for thousands of years. Sports have existed for a while and are a great way to join different cultures and people together. There are 7 ways studied by (The Young Leader) which states these can help sports bridge cultures together; shared communication, bring peace, put big and small societies on an even playing field, how to travel abroad and be immersed in a different culture, share history, build friendships, and teach rules to live by. Of these 7 ways my two favorite would have to be the “put big and small societies on an even playing field as well as bring peace. I totally agree that one of the hardest cultural gaps to overcome can be size. Sports do a great way of dispersing equality through all cultures to have the same opportunity to show their talents. Especially smaller inner cities and rural areas wouldn’t get much “attention” compared to a suburban area. I’ve witnessed this time and time again spotlight been taken over raw talent and skills. Bringing of peace is easily done through sports. For example if you have an enemy and your facing against them in any sport your going to put your differences to the side to bring the W to either side. Your love for the game will overcome any problems you are faced with.

http://theyoungleader.experiencegla.com/7-ways-sports-can-bridge-cultures/

In todays society doping is a critical issue at International level is sport Physiology. The word doping originates from ‘top’, a term that conventionally refers to a stimulant drink. Doping means the application, ingestion, injection, or consumption by any means whatsoever of any prohibited substance or prohibited method. “Sports are institutionalized competitive activities that involve rigorous physical exertion or the use of relatively complex physical skills by participants motivated by personal enjoyment and external rewards. As well as a health issue doping is also affecting the ethical values of humanity affecting honest team spirit of sports competition. This doesn’t just affect sports internationally but as well as the United States. Blood doping is a common misuse of specific substances. The focus of of blood doping is to increase ones red blood cell mass, which allows oxygen to transport to the muscles so therefore your performance will increase and the stamina of the player and person. Lance Armstrong one of the most notable people to admit to using performance-enhancing drugs. He admitted to the use of EPO, testosterone, cortisone, human growth hormone, illegal blood transfusions and blood doping. In October of 2013 the U.S.Anti-Doping Agency released more than 1,000 pages of evidence in doping allegations against Armstrong and his teammates. Testosterone is a naturally occurring hormone that helps regulate bone density, fat distribution, muscle strength, red blood cell production and sex drive. It is found in both men and women; in men, it also helps regulate sperm production. Blood doping has a list of life – threatening side effects is seen as a result of blood doping such as increased blood viscosity, myocardial infarction, embolism, stroke, infections, allergic reactions, and some risk of blood – born disease such as HIV, hepatitis, etc. Today there are new drugs used by players which are harder to detect by the experts and the fight against doping. However we are constantly educating ourselves with knowledge to fight against them. The removal of doping controls would have major benefits: less cheating, increased solidarity and respect between athletes, more focus on sport and not on rules. Most of the ‘costs’ of abolishing doping controls depend on false beliefs.

https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/doping-is-bless-or-curse-in-sports-2151-6200-1000177.php?aid=72959

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBJtcB8QUDo&feature=youtu.be

Corruption is a huge ongoing problem in international sports. Recent polls have been taken and shown that the organizations that run sports, FIFA, does not represent the fans and teams and are to be trusted. From the corporate level of governing bribery, match-fixing and money- laundering, the many faces of corruption threatens the values attracting billions of people to watch and participate in sport. “When results – of games, of contests to host events or of elections to run sports bodies – are determined not by fair competition but by corruption, we feel betrayed. Cleaning up sport is therefore essential, not only for the good of the game but for the good of society as a whole. – Cobus de Swardt, Managing Director of Transparency International”. The Global Corruption Report: Sport looks at what has gone so badly wrong and what can be done to fix it. It examines the structures of sport, presents examples of good and bad practice and provides a platform to the various voices in the multi-billion dollar business that sport has become: including the often overshadowed views of athletes and fans. The report is divided into key sections covering which are listed as governance, major sporting events, including the Olympic and the World Cup, match-fixing, money, markets and private interest in football, US college sports, and the role of participants in sport. I agree that corruption in sports is a huge issue. Match-fixing manipulates the fans experience to whatever sporting event they are attending. But on the business aspect the teams corporation is making money and thats all that matter to them. Highschool and college players are vulnerable as well as major league players because they are often times plotted on if they are consider “superstars”. For example the Fab Five received money illegally from a booster, who essentially “took care” of them. Ed Martin gave them money with the intent to be repaid when they all made it to the major league.

https://www.thehastingscenter.org/doping-corruption-international-intrigue-olympic-sport-confronts-moral-crisis/

Cultural intelligence (CQ) is often described as an individual’s ability to connect across cultures and to operate effectively in unfamiliar surroundings (Earley & Ang, 2003). It’s the ability to engage in a set of behaviors that largely focuses on an individual’s capability to function effectively across cultures. Sport and recreation has an essential role in forming and maintaining the fabric of our communities and our society overall.  A vibrant sport and recreation culture can provide social benefits far beyond the sporting field – to underpin happy, healthy, cohesive and resilient communities. There are four main components of cultural intelligence are seen to help achieve effective intercultural experiences such as CQ drive, knowledge, strategy, and action. A nice example of cultural intelligence would be Yao Ming. Yao Ming was born in Shanghai, China to Yao Zhiyuan, Fang Zhiyuan. He was drafted into the 2002 NBA draft with the first overall pick. His outstanding performance in China proceeded to his deputy general manager Li Yaomin, pressuring Ming to enter the 1999 draft. While Yao Ming was new to the United States he adjusted well and performed at a high level in the NBA. He lived up the expectations thats were set before him when in China and carried over the United States. Hakeem Olajuwon was a huge influential person in his life he helped enhance his post game skills and helped show him around Houston, Texas. He said in a video he adjusted to being in the United States by finding a common ground he has with someone else, to which they agreed upon something such as winning a game, helping the disabled or etc. I think traveling to a new country to start a “new life” could be an easy transition if you find someone who you instantly connect with and share the same interest.

https://www.wsp-opus.co.nz/news-and-publications/news-2018-2020/cultural-intelligence-in-sport-and-recreation/

https://asiasociety.org/blog/asia/video-yao-ming-discusses-his-adjustment-nba-and-life-texas

Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to recognize your own emotional state, that is how you are feeling. Sense the emotions in others. Knowing how to motivate yourself to create your best performance. Build productive relationships with others. Today we recognize these athletes as having high levels of competency in the area of emotional intelligence. The major component to emotional intelligence in sports is the ability to keep your composure in an tough environment and create a peak performance on demand when needed. For example Tom Brady and LeBron James has the ability to turn on a switch in their head when a score is needed in the clutch. There have been many instances I can recall vividly when Tom Brady has brought back the Patriots. For example Superbowl LIII when the touchdown was needed, he connected with Gronkowski on a huge 2 and 10 conversion for a 30 yard catch, that would set the Patriots up for a touchdown. On the other hand transitioning to basketball LeBron have made countless plays in the clutch when his team needed him most. Back in the 2015-2016 NBA season Lebron led the Cavs back from a 3-1 deficit to make a historical comeback to steal the title and bring the first NBA championship to the franchise. Even though emotional intelligence is a relatively new term in sport, it is certainly not a new concept. We have witnessed great athletes “switch themselves on” to create amazing performances with incredible consistency. We would describe these performances by stating these players are mentally tough, and composed to be able to control themselsves through such intense sporting environments. For the last 17 seasons the New England Patriots have been having winning seasons. Throughout that 17 year span they have won six super bowls and appeared in 9 total. Tom Brady is a very great example of a player who is poised throughout his career and because of his doing so he has won a 6 super bowls and have been the MVP of four of those 6 appearances.

https://athleteassessments.com/emotional-intelligence-in-sports/

Strategic management is a huge part of the sport and field industry. So therefore there is a huge need for the strategic management to adjust to these ongoing changes daily. Strategic Management can often times result is several benefits for you team or organization. The need to rely on old and outdated business models and management practices have surpassed their time. The most notable benefits for a business from a strategic management plan includes identification, prioritization, and exploration of the opportunities. It is always good to have a clear road map vision for the future and this can help you precisely do this. The success of a sports team depends as much on good strategic decisions as it depends on the performance of the athletes. It depends on quality proper supply chain management and selection of quality vendors as well as quality recruitment of staff and administrators. In the perspective of sports specifically recruitment is a huge part of how well the team success will be for the upcoming season. The front office needs to aggressively promote their team on how they would win championship if you decide to sign with them, and another key point to attract someone to you team would be the city. For example when LeBron James just signed the 4 year 153.3 million dollar deal with the Los Angeles Lakers I’m positive Earvin (Magic) Johnson used the city of LAX to attract Lebron as well as the Lakers winning history. While Magic had a vision to land the best player in the wold in LAX, he still has to work and implement his plan in fitting in the other pieces to win the NBA Finals. Implementation is the most difficult part of the strategic management. Within this process budgeting, project management, staffing, and leadership are involved. The front office had to work through numbers to see how much money and the length of the contract to offer to Lebron. They also have strategic and well thought plans if the first plan fails.

http://thesportdigest.com/2018/11/strategic-management-in-sports/

Fan Violence in Major League and High school sporting events is a rapidly growing issues in the world today. Although sports bring out the joy, teamwork, shared goals, competitive and motivational edge it can also bring out violence. The following article suggest that sports reflect society whereas other suggest that athletes predominately in more physical sports. For instance fans of the NFL are more likely to be violent opposing to the fans of the NBA. I specifically state this because for instance if your a fan of football and your favorite player is violent and promotes violence you may that is it ok. Ndamukong Suh who is a known violent player in the league promotes violence so his fans are more likely to inflict violence on other fans. Throughout his 5+ seasons in the NFL Suh has earned two-game suspensions and racked up a hefty $420,669 tab in fines. Suh have kicked off players helmets, punched players in the head, kicked played in the groin area and even attempted to break Aaron Rodgers leg by resting 307lbs of his weight on Rodgers leg while he was on the ground shaken up after a bad no call. His antics has risen awareness around the league and between players and gained him the name of “repeat offender”. According to Washington Post the arrest record increases whenever the home team loses, no matter the opponent or scheduled kickoff time. When division games are played at night, arrest are twice as high as early-afternoon non-division contests; the league and its network broadcast partners often schedule these division rivalry games in prime time. The closer the loss, the more arrests tend to rise. This shows how hard die hard fans are willing to go to show their team support and how much they care about them winning and losing. When the teams loses the fans are affected not only the players and coaches.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/redskins/a-quietly-escalating-issue-for-nfl-fan-violence-and-how-to-contain-it/2016/10/28/4ec37964-9470-11e6-bb29-bf2701dbe0a3_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.ec238d013124