Sport is intermediated, controlled and contested by great numbers of organisations, headed by what can be termed global sports organisations (GSOs). The GSOs can be defined as the supreme organs of governance in sport whose authority is global. Despite this the growing body of international sports law is concerned more with the governance of athletes’ behaviour, and their relationships with their organisations and rules than with the organisations themselves (for examples see the International Association of Sports Law, 2004). Partly this is unavoidable as corrupt financial practice is a matter for criminal or corporate law within national jurisdictions. In addition the corruption is often political rather than directly financial. Thus the President of a GSO can use financial patronage to poorer national associations to secure votes their in presidential elections. The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), founded by the IOC, does not cover such practices but is concerned with the governance of athletes. It examines athletes and hears their appeals, often against the rulings of competition judges or against exclusion from competition for performance enhancing drugs offences rather than to deal with organisations (as an example case see Court of Arbitration for Sport, 2002). CAS was formally separated from the IOC in 1993/1994 and given its own formally autonomous governing council, ICAS (see Appendix), although the President of both ICAS and CAS is K. Mbaye, formerly a vice‐president of the IOC. Similarly the global sports anti‐doping agency (WADA) was founded as an agency of the IOC. A systematic approach to sport governance has been lacking and is overdue. One reason is sufficient and that is the perception of corruption associated with several of the major GSOs. Rather than having a regular team owner the international teams have GSOs; which are people who strictly enforce the authority to abide by rules and laws. The corruption is international games have became so absurd these actions have been put into place.

https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Conferences-Events/2017/WCOS/Speakers/Peter-White.aspx

In the era of globalization, one increasingly finds oneself in a situation of having to work with representatives of various cultures. A person does not always have an impact on the choice of co-workers, but in order to arrange the relationship correctly it is necessary to know and respect cultural differences. In sport, the effect of globalization is very visible because the coverage of sport knows no bounds. In Poland, it manifests itself in a much greater amount and variety of foreigners em- ployed in Polish clubs. Lack of awareness of cultural differences, insufficient prepa- ration, general ignorance, and at the same time very often lack of humility, lead to the collapse of the communication within a sports organization and general difficulty in cooperation. So therefore it is insisted that you always find a common ground in sports when you have different cultures on your team. Humans have participated in sports all over the world for thousands of years. Sports have existed for a while and are a great way to join different cultures and people together. There are 7 ways studied by (The Young Leader) which states these can help sports bridge cultures together; shared communication, bring peace, put big and small societies on an even playing field, how to travel abroad and be immersed in a different culture, share history, build friendships, and teach rules to live by. Of these 7 ways my two favorite would have to be the “put big and small societies on an even playing field as well as bring peace. I totally agree that one of the hardest cultural gaps to overcome can be size. Sports do a great way of dispersing equality through all cultures to have the same opportunity to show their talents. Especially smaller inner cities and rural areas wouldn’t get much “attention” compared to a suburban area. I’ve witnessed this time and time again spotlight been taken over raw talent and skills. Bringing of peace is easily done through sports. For example if you have an enemy and your facing against them in any sport your going to put your differences to the side to bring the W to either side. Your love for the game will overcome any problems you are faced with.

http://theyoungleader.experiencegla.com/7-ways-sports-can-bridge-cultures/

In sports we have discovered corruption and match fixing with professional sport teams. All the leagues have the ability to control the league, coaches, and players. Many journalism does not do a lot of investigating within the leagues. Many things are being ignored. Great cancer that destroy sports is known as corruption and match fixing. Money is taking from coaches and athletes. It’s a powerful gambling market where its illegal. I recently found out that tennis is the easiest game to be fixed. In E-Gaming many people, thought things were going on too. People are not being paid properly either. For example, NFL makes around ten to eleven billions of dollars a season on revenue. Television networks take some of the revenue money that is made in the league. Match- fixing is more common than ever is becoming more of an issue. Many people believe that the advent of online gambling has increased the risk of match fixing for financial gain. Globalization also plays a role – criminal seekings to fix matches that can connect and meet with athletes, coaches, and officials from all over the world. I feels as globalization is disrupting the sport industry and something has to be done about this. The sport leagues cannot be trusted as much and it makes the game less entertaining. I had some previous thoughts on the NFL on the league being rigged. The referees congratulating Tom Brady at the end of the super bowl game. The scene that I had witnessed seem a little bit awkward to me. Many people try to make money on gambling when they know the outcome of the game result.  This corruption and matching fixing should taken more seriously based on the amount of money certain officials make. This is a major threat to the sport and something has to be done because if we do not our future sports will be affected. 

https://www.itrustsport.com/sports-governance/tackling-sports-corruption/match-fixing-betting-and-gambling-corruption-in-sport

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There has been some important things to know about the strategic management in International sport. In the article, I read there are some different types of sport strategies to obtain. It seem, as the International strategy is one of the primary strategies for markets that gives out products and services to different markets. In sports, you will need to improve your business so that you can help the market. In addition, we know that the sports has change and more money is coming in. In the article, it says sport, as a field of industry, is rapidly changing. Therefore, there is an increased need for strategic management to adjust these new things. Strategic management mentions some important factors that involves some everyone at every level of the organization. The development of clear vision and mission statements is key when working on a sport and this is one of the first steps to the strategic management that must be followed. The success of the sport team depend on the decisions that has to be made in the strategic plan. I cannot forget to mention about the most important strategic management, which is strategic implantation that requires budgeting, project management, staffing, and leadership. Leadership is always important in sport businesses because it is the start of something new and expand new ideas has to be form to accomplish that goal. Some people forget that sport is a business and we must focus on the sales and marketing functions to maintain a proper branding and navigate the new marketing channels. The strategic management is the set of decisions, activities, and plans of action for organization. I believe this article is beneficial because it explains how strategic management is essential when it comes to business and sport. It expresses how their needs to be more strategic management where more leadership skills and long-term objectives goals for the organization.

Strategic Management in Sports | The Sport Digest

In todays society doping is a critical issue at International level is sport Physiology. The word doping originates from ‘top’, a term that conventionally refers to a stimulant drink. Doping means the application, ingestion, injection, or consumption by any means whatsoever of any prohibited substance or prohibited method. “Sports are institutionalized competitive activities that involve rigorous physical exertion or the use of relatively complex physical skills by participants motivated by personal enjoyment and external rewards. As well as a health issue doping is also affecting the ethical values of humanity affecting honest team spirit of sports competition. This doesn’t just affect sports internationally but as well as the United States. Blood doping is a common misuse of specific substances. The focus of of blood doping is to increase ones red blood cell mass, which allows oxygen to transport to the muscles so therefore your performance will increase and the stamina of the player and person. Lance Armstrong one of the most notable people to admit to using performance-enhancing drugs. He admitted to the use of EPO, testosterone, cortisone, human growth hormone, illegal blood transfusions and blood doping. In October of 2013 the U.S.Anti-Doping Agency released more than 1,000 pages of evidence in doping allegations against Armstrong and his teammates. Testosterone is a naturally occurring hormone that helps regulate bone density, fat distribution, muscle strength, red blood cell production and sex drive. It is found in both men and women; in men, it also helps regulate sperm production. Blood doping has a list of life – threatening side effects is seen as a result of blood doping such as increased blood viscosity, myocardial infarction, embolism, stroke, infections, allergic reactions, and some risk of blood – born disease such as HIV, hepatitis, etc. Today there are new drugs used by players which are harder to detect by the experts and the fight against doping. However we are constantly educating ourselves with knowledge to fight against them. The removal of doping controls would have major benefits: less cheating, increased solidarity and respect between athletes, more focus on sport and not on rules. Most of the ‘costs’ of abolishing doping controls depend on false beliefs.

https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/doping-is-bless-or-curse-in-sports-2151-6200-1000177.php?aid=72959

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBJtcB8QUDo&feature=youtu.be

Corruption is a huge ongoing problem in international sports. Recent polls have been taken and shown that the organizations that run sports, FIFA, does not represent the fans and teams and are to be trusted. From the corporate level of governing bribery, match-fixing and money- laundering, the many faces of corruption threatens the values attracting billions of people to watch and participate in sport. “When results – of games, of contests to host events or of elections to run sports bodies – are determined not by fair competition but by corruption, we feel betrayed. Cleaning up sport is therefore essential, not only for the good of the game but for the good of society as a whole. – Cobus de Swardt, Managing Director of Transparency International”. The Global Corruption Report: Sport looks at what has gone so badly wrong and what can be done to fix it. It examines the structures of sport, presents examples of good and bad practice and provides a platform to the various voices in the multi-billion dollar business that sport has become: including the often overshadowed views of athletes and fans. The report is divided into key sections covering which are listed as governance, major sporting events, including the Olympic and the World Cup, match-fixing, money, markets and private interest in football, US college sports, and the role of participants in sport. I agree that corruption in sports is a huge issue. Match-fixing manipulates the fans experience to whatever sporting event they are attending. But on the business aspect the teams corporation is making money and thats all that matter to them. Highschool and college players are vulnerable as well as major league players because they are often times plotted on if they are consider “superstars”. For example the Fab Five received money illegally from a booster, who essentially “took care” of them. Ed Martin gave them money with the intent to be repaid when they all made it to the major league.

https://www.thehastingscenter.org/doping-corruption-international-intrigue-olympic-sport-confronts-moral-crisis/

Cultural intelligence (CQ) is often described as an individual’s ability to connect across cultures and to operate effectively in unfamiliar surroundings (Earley & Ang, 2003). It’s the ability to engage in a set of behaviors that largely focuses on an individual’s capability to function effectively across cultures. Sport and recreation has an essential role in forming and maintaining the fabric of our communities and our society overall.  A vibrant sport and recreation culture can provide social benefits far beyond the sporting field – to underpin happy, healthy, cohesive and resilient communities. There are four main components of cultural intelligence are seen to help achieve effective intercultural experiences such as CQ drive, knowledge, strategy, and action. A nice example of cultural intelligence would be Yao Ming. Yao Ming was born in Shanghai, China to Yao Zhiyuan, Fang Zhiyuan. He was drafted into the 2002 NBA draft with the first overall pick. His outstanding performance in China proceeded to his deputy general manager Li Yaomin, pressuring Ming to enter the 1999 draft. While Yao Ming was new to the United States he adjusted well and performed at a high level in the NBA. He lived up the expectations thats were set before him when in China and carried over the United States. Hakeem Olajuwon was a huge influential person in his life he helped enhance his post game skills and helped show him around Houston, Texas. He said in a video he adjusted to being in the United States by finding a common ground he has with someone else, to which they agreed upon something such as winning a game, helping the disabled or etc. I think traveling to a new country to start a “new life” could be an easy transition if you find someone who you instantly connect with and share the same interest.

https://www.wsp-opus.co.nz/news-and-publications/news-2018-2020/cultural-intelligence-in-sport-and-recreation/

https://asiasociety.org/blog/asia/video-yao-ming-discusses-his-adjustment-nba-and-life-texas

Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to recognize your own emotional state, that is how you are feeling. Sense the emotions in others. Knowing how to motivate yourself to create your best performance. Build productive relationships with others. Today we recognize these athletes as having high levels of competency in the area of emotional intelligence. The major component to emotional intelligence in sports is the ability to keep your composure in an tough environment and create a peak performance on demand when needed. For example Tom Brady and LeBron James has the ability to turn on a switch in their head when a score is needed in the clutch. There have been many instances I can recall vividly when Tom Brady has brought back the Patriots. For example Superbowl LIII when the touchdown was needed, he connected with Gronkowski on a huge 2 and 10 conversion for a 30 yard catch, that would set the Patriots up for a touchdown. On the other hand transitioning to basketball LeBron have made countless plays in the clutch when his team needed him most. Back in the 2015-2016 NBA season Lebron led the Cavs back from a 3-1 deficit to make a historical comeback to steal the title and bring the first NBA championship to the franchise. Even though emotional intelligence is a relatively new term in sport, it is certainly not a new concept. We have witnessed great athletes “switch themselves on” to create amazing performances with incredible consistency. We would describe these performances by stating these players are mentally tough, and composed to be able to control themselsves through such intense sporting environments. For the last 17 seasons the New England Patriots have been having winning seasons. Throughout that 17 year span they have won six super bowls and appeared in 9 total. Tom Brady is a very great example of a player who is poised throughout his career and because of his doing so he has won a 6 super bowls and have been the MVP of four of those 6 appearances.

https://athleteassessments.com/emotional-intelligence-in-sports/

Match fixing is a growing problem in international sports. The crime of match fixing has now reached one of the most popular sports overseas, which would be football. FIFA has the problem of match fixing. In 2018 a BBC documentary uncovered that ninety-six officials/referees were taking bribes, including one official who was going to be an assistant referee during the 2018 world cup in Russia. A Kenyan referee by the name of Aden Marwa was caught on film taking a 600 hundred dollar gift, since the incident Marwa resigned. During the 2018 world cup referees were making close to 70,000 dollars while also getting around a 3,000 dollar bonus. Assistant referees brought in around 25,000 dollars not anywhere close to what a referee makes. FIFA should be paying the assistant referees more to help prevent bribery. With amount of betting that happens during the world cup and for all of football in European sports the likely hood of someone getting bribed as dramatically increased. FIFA plans on hiring video assistant referees to help the problem of match fixing go down. Will this help completely stop match fixing? probably not but it is a good step In the right direction. With the increase in new technology especially when it comes to sports it is getting harder for law enforcement officials to catch these criminals. The problem in todays world is that with the advanced technology that the world has it can allow these people to match fix in another country, not allowing the country that the crime committed in to go after them. Crimes of match fixing have gone undetected because of the lack of publicity that is gets. Now with more scandals coming out maybe match fixing will finally be given more thought, allowing people to finally understand how big this problem really is.

https://news.sportsinformationtraders.com/2018-world-cup-match-fixing-scandal-bet/

Match fixing in eSports is an increasingly big problem for the industry, Not only is the problem getting worse but the issue of match fixing has now impacted the best players in eSports. For example in 2016 superstar player Lee Hyun of StarCraft was arrested by Korean police. The twenty-three year old was arrested with eight other players including financial backers and brokers. They were arrested for match fixing, accused of throwing two matches in the KeSPA Cup. For throwing the matches Hyun received 60,000 dollars from the gambling ring; in January of that year Hyun was found guilty of throwing of throwing another match for around 26,000 dollars. This gambling ring was found to have corrupted more players in the past. The largest amount of money taken from the gabling ring was around 87,000 dollars for throwing a match. why do players seem to want to jump the gun on match fixing? one of the big problems is that most of the prizes that players win do not offer that much money. The fact also that a lot of the eSports competitions are winner take all encourages players to take more money from outside sources. fixing matches for some of these players is another way for them to make money, is there a sense for feeling bad for them yes, but resorting to match fixing ruins the spirit of competition. Brokers have told players that everyone is doing so why not join in. This makes players think that this Is the norm for eSports. With the growing popularity of eSports this type of activity will continue to grow, this type of environment should not be allowed in any sports what so ever. The impact of match fixing will start to effect the sports that we love the most sooner rather than later. The big question is what will we do about it?

https://www.casino.org/news/esports-match-fixing-problem-exposed-korean-prosecutors-report