When it comes to match fixing, those who capitalize want to generate the most money they possibly can.  In order to do this, bigger sports, and bigger games will guarantee more money.  The most popular sport on the planet is soccer. Which means that finding ways to fix soccer matches can result in a large pay day if proven successful.  However, since soccer is the premier sport for most people globally, it also makes it harder to fix matches than it may be in some other sports.  Which is why this article exposes the group who decided to infiltrate from the inside of the sport, hoping to guarantee their safety.  In this article, FIFA is investigating a soccer referee named Joseph Lamptey for several match fixing allegations.  It is common for referees who are guilty of match fixing to award penalty kicks to teams for unusual or questionable instances.  This allows for betters to cash in on more goals being scored. Lamptey had been watched for years due to suspicions of his potential corruption, and he was actually suspended several times for his poor performances while officiating matches.  However, FIFA would eventually have the evidence and the reason to suspend him for life due to his tactics, thus eliminating one of the corrupt referees in the sport. The goal with these organizations like FIFA should be to try and contain these instances to the best of their ability.  It has proven to be almost impossible to watch every single official, every single player, and so on, in the sport.  So while FIFA does its best to watch everyone, they have strict penalties for being caught in the act.  In this specific scenario, the official was banned for life.  This could be a deterrent for other officials who may be considering doing the same thing, for fear that they become banned for life.

Link: https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2018/01/15/world-cup-ref-banned-by-fifa-had-6-year-match-fixing-history/109476878/

Video: blob:https://www.usatoday.com/80e50847-7027-4b0e-8ee1-3dc1bf8ec44e

Match fixing has been a problem in sport since near the beginning of organized games.  It seems that there is no one answer on how to eliminate match fixing completely.  Corruption occurs on all levels, all countries, and in a variety of different ways.  It is important for different leagues to take as many precautions as necessary in order to try and contain these issues.  By doing so they will avoid corruption across the entire sport, or league.  Cricket has long been known as an international sport in which match fixing somewhat commonly takes place.  This article covers what is known as spot fixing in cricket and contains offenders from England, Australia, and Pakistan. During 2018, Al Jazeera’s investigative unit discovered that spot fixing was occurring at some of the highest levels in international cricket. The corruption occurred from 2011 to 2012 in multiple matches.  The evidence points to England players in 7 matches, Australia players in 5 matches, Pakistan players in 3 matches, and various other players in at least one match. Some of the matches in which the spot fixing occurred it involved players from both teams.  According to the article, spot fixes should only effect a small part of the game, and not the overall result. However, it is hard to argue that this makes it any less severe.  The evidence points out that fixes were mostly carried out by batsmen, who would voluntarily agree to underperform. The alleged match fixer is named Aneel Munawar, who has potentially been fixing cricket matches since 2010. One could easily point out that the more money these sport organizations create, the bigger chance there is for match fixing to take place.  More people watching, more people betting on the matches, creates more money to be made.  Which will inevitably awaken those who want to cheat the system, to make sure they can capitalize on these matches.

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/exclusive-top-international-cricketers-involved-spot-fixing-181020115410646.html

In Premier League soccer team Chelsea hit with one-year transfer ban on signing players. Chelsea found out in breach of FIFA transfer regulations relating to the registration of 29 players under the age of 18. The club has also been fined $600,000 and given 90 days to address the situation of the players concerned. The ban applies to men’s teams and does not prevent the release of players. which is potentially more bad news with Belgian. There were rules for athletes under the ages of 18. I kind of figured why the league wants to sign younger athletes because they soon will adapt to the professional level and they can learn much from the professionals. Minors should be able to play above their age level if they are good enough. Twenty nine players found under the age of eighteen was a shocked to me. In FIFA there are many teams that will find a way to win and signing athletes under the age of eighteen has been issue. England football association has been fined $510,000 for failing the address the international transfer and first registration of minors in soccer. It has been tons of money that has been lost in the premier league and in the future many teams will follow the FIFA rules in order to win games or maybe win a championship. All around the world many teams cut players and other players keep players. It all depends on whether the team wants to develop that player or not, so that why I feel that in this premier league that are signing minors because they will only get better and they are bringing something new to program. The FIFA league should have rules but I feel as if the minor can play on the top level, they should deserve to play on which level they feel more comfortable.

https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/22/premier-league-soccer-team-chelsea-hit-with-one-year-transfer-ban-on-signing-players.html

Not all people know about the used of doping but it seems to be used nationwide and it is many reasons why athletes tend to use it. Each year over 300,000 athletes worldwide test over positive over banned substances. For every sport you know of, some athletes from the field has been caught using drugs. I read about the International Olympic Committee banned Russia for taking the national team to the February 2018 winter games in South Korea. This part reveals on how this is a nationwide thing. I believe that Russia let their fans down and many more. The big question is, whether the usage of performance-enhancing drugs should be allowed in sports in some form. Steroids was the first drug that I have ever heard that athletes were using. I believe many athletes use this drug so that they can beat their opponent. I can guess that so many athletes are getting caught using a specific drug is because you can see the difference level in their performance. Many players want to stand out so this is a reason many athletes enhance drugs. The better the player the more in earning that player will make. In professional leagues their is so much competition between each other and many athletes will take the shortcut for an typical advantage. Dr. Gary I. Walder said athletes live in the world of invincibility and denial. I think he means that usually athletes hide the fact that they are using drugs and when the caught using the drug they have many explanations. The athletes usually say they were not using the drug or they were using the drug for their health issue. I was surprise about the fact on the total amount of athletes that were test positive. Another surprise to me is knowing that many athletes are enhancing doping at this moment right now. Every athlete wants to be the winner but cheaters never win.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/roomykhan/2017/12/31/doping-in-sports-cheating-or-leveling-of-the-playing-field/#63f709e575ec

Sport and corporate sociability encourages companies to be more aware of their impact on society. It focuses on areas such as education, health, gender inequalities, and the environment. This is the new alternative sports. The first international conference on social responsibility and sports management was held in Spain. Social responsibility has became a mainstream issue to sport related organizations that is becoming more important. Many corporations post information about their social responsibility on their website and encourage players to get involved in promoting sports as a social way to address existing concerns. The corporate sociability in sport is positive and essential. Community partnerships and investments can be produced. Also education, health, gender inequalities, and the environment is very important and always will be. Each community is different and children participating in sport and recreation activities is popular. Sport and corporate sociability can help poverty, youth development, youth development, and gender integration. Social responsibility is finding it’s way in community sports. This allow other clubs attract new members that will help engage in more activities. Allowing yourself to be involved in club activities, will only make your community better and you will be more comfortable with the people around you. This will allow all people of all ages help work together and understand each other more to help reach their next goal. I believe focusing on poverty in the the communities is very beneficial because social responsibility will decrease the rate and find many way to decrease the poverty level. The social responsibility will determine our future on sports and it is a big culture all around the world. Many organizations will be improved by in which they advertise their practices. Social responsibility around the sport will make the sport better and will continue to help the problems on health issues and more.

https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-2233842631/the-future-of-sports-management-a-social-responsibility

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) encourages companies to be more aware of their impact on society. Its focus can be wide ranging, addressing issues such as education, health, gender inequalities and the environment. Its focus can be wide ranging, addressing issues such as education, health, gender inequalities and the environment. In this business model, the economic and legal responsibilities of corporate entities take prominence. After achieving business goals and targets, the organisation looks at ethical and philanthropic responsibilities.At this point clarity emerges over how and why CSR programmes are developed. An organisation recognises its responsibility to the area in which it is located and the community it serves through jobs and other investments.To use the United Kingdom as an example, neoliberal policies were first introduced by Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s. This policy shift was continued in the 21st Century by Tony Blair’s ‘Third Way’ and David Cameron’s ‘Big Society’. Gradually the role of the welfare state has been reduced and the responsibility is passed on to the third and private sectors.More recently, corporations have been encouraged to look beyond their own communities and also concentrate on the global community. “Corporate global citizenship” has become a buzz term used to describe this process.  According to Foreign Affairs: “It expresses the conviction that companies not only must be engaged with their stakeholders but are themselves stakeholders alongside governments and civil society.” The final piece of the CSR jigsaw is that, in the time since CSR emerged, sport has been increasingly used as a vehicle for change. The United Nations recognises the power and potential to use sport to work toward the Sustainable Development goals (SDGs). Funding is an ongoing concern for NGOs but CSR programmes can provide financial security. As well as financial partnerships, collaborating with a big corporation can improve an NGO’s access to networks. Such collaborations may involve the sharing of information, resources or specialists suited to individual sport for development programmes.

https://www.sportanddev.org/en/article/news/sport-and-corporate-social-responsibility

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/aug/09/talk-point-sport-development

There has been some issues on the fan violence in sports. There has been an incident at the M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore against the Oakland Raiders which was an argument that turned into a full blown altercation between Raider fan and Ravens season ticket holder. The ticket holder name was Baeur who suffered a brain injury and was giving a 30 percent chance to survive. Many arrest has been in sports has been made in the NFL. Division contest and night results in considerable more fan arrest, according to records collected from the city, county, and state police. We should look more into how we can stop the fan violence and set more boundaries to this situation. If the home team loses, no matter the opponent or schedule kickoff time, arrest increase. The closer the loss, the more arrest tend to rise. I feel as fans get too much excited and pumped up where they the lose control. Also we know that many fans get very frustrated when their team loses and especially in big games. Evening games have more arrest and I predict this situation happens because people tend to drink more later throughout the day. The worst thing I read in the latest article was in the month of October, a man was shot outside a Dallas Cowboys game A&T Stadium and later died. Fan violence can definitely can ruin the game for others who are there just to watch the game. The games are suppose to be to have a great time and not to cause violence between fans. In 2013, a 30 year- old man was beaten to death in the parking lot at Kansas City’s Arrowhead Stadium. Violence is never the answer and fans getting into altercations between each other at games is simply a disgrace to me. This fan violence is an issue for all 32 NFL teams in the league and is looked more upon. Fans need to come together so that violence will not be involved.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/redskins/a-quietly-escalating-issue-for-nfl-fan-violence-and-how-to-contain-it/2016/10/28/4ec37964-9470-11e6-bb29-bf2701dbe0a3_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.94363409b2ca

Doping in sports have been a main issue where many athletes take part of it. Doping is the use and abuse of performance enhancing substances in elite sports. Some of us may know of the major league baseball player Barry Bonds who had quite of a successful season. In 2001 Barry Bonds had passed Mark McGwire’s home-run record which at the time he was playing for the San Francisco Giants. He was caught with performing enhancing drugs which was under investigation. Steroids is what he was using and around this time I did hear about Barry Bonds a lot as a child hitting home-runs as usual was just devastating to hear about this type of drug he was caught using. In 2000’s doping was major in the sport field and it seem as most athletes were using this. I believe that Barry Bonds should not have taking steroids because he was good athlete already and it is unfair to the league. ”The game of shadows” grew out of the groundbreaking reporting and is based on interviews with more than 200 people and hundreds of pages of documents, including the secret grand jury testimony of Mr. Bonds by the investigation of the use of doping. This particular action that Barry Bonds took, was not going to go away and he was later going to pay for his actions. Mr. Bonds appeared on Sports Illustrated that discussed the outrage of the use of steroid use of baseball. I feel as Mr. Bonds should have been punished because there is rules to the sport. Barry Bonds speaking out on the use of steroids was the best thing he could have done. We should all know that we are all humans and we all make mistakes. The steroid that Mr. Bond used was created to improve the muscle quality of cattle beef. In later one author mentioned that Barry Bonds looked like a WWE wrestler or a toy superhuman figure. Basically doping can definitely interrupt the league and cause problems within the league.

Prejudice faced by Afghan women with a disability has proved no barrier to its national wheelchair basketball team. These Afghan women are very hopeful for Paralympic gold. Nilofar Bayat a 24-year-old team captain played her first wheelchair basketball game in the middle of Kabul, surrounded by males who looked on and insulted her by calling her names and saying derogatory statements. Today Bayat is preparing to qualify for the next year’s Paralympic games in Tokyo- a tough challenge but nothing that the team cannot overcome. Due to insecurities many training sessions are cancelled for securities reasons and the woman feel alone they don’t have the support needed from family. The woman families feel that their safety is put in jeopardy playing wheelchair basketball in such tough conditions. Even after getting married many woman of the team dropped out of the basketball tournament. The husbands said they were concerned about the safety of their wives playing in the “tough circumstances” especially internationally.Just tw0 years ago the Afghanistan’s female national wheelchair basketball team only started competing internationally two years ago, at the Bali Cup. The inexperience of the team did not stop them for taking home the gold either. The 12 team roster has since participated in the Asian Para Games and will travel to Thailand later this year for a chance to compete and qualify for the Tokyo games in 2020. Since 2012 the Afghanistan national wheelchair team now have their own gym snug between Kabul’s hills, offering some type of privacy and security to the team from the staring crowds. In 2014 the country’s wheelchair basketball federation was recognised internationally, paving the way for the women to compete around the world. This story here proves how you should never stop chasing you dreams. If you want something go after it until you achieve it never stop. The males who taunted the women when they first organized this group are now fans who sit at home and cheer them on to each and every victory.

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/mar/12/afghan-women-eyeing-paralympic-gold-wheelchair-basketball

Promotion and Relegation system is very common in popular in international sports we watch today. Such as the best team in weaker leagues are promoted and the worst teams in the better leagues get demoted. The promotion and relegation system improves the league. This system is everywhere itself of America and is commonly used in soccer. Teams gain more promotion than they lose from relegation. I believe that teams without promotion and relegation produces average players. Players tend to be paid more within this system. The English soccer explains more to it which set up as a pyramid league. At the top is the premier league. The next three levels down are collectively called the English football league, including the championship, league 1, and league 2. Between these four levels are 92 professional leagues in England. Promotion consist of the teams that are high ranking in the league table. Relegations seems to be the spot that consist the teams that are going to be at the bottom. In my opinion such as teams without relegation and promotion new teams usually get entered that will require financial money. In the league you usually have one or two teams winning in the league every season because they are the richest and more successful team that usually picks the best players. They usually have the best coaches and facilities to dominate the league. This whole process of relegation and promotion generates more interest in matches among weak teams in a league and produces better competitive balance within the league. As a fan I would like to see competition between the different teams in the leagues. This process will allow different select of teams that enter the playoff and gain more recognition. Some teams have no way of winning, thereby causing teams to spend less on players during (their) brief stay in a higher league than they spent while they were trying to be promoted from a lesser league. 

https://siepr.stanford.edu/research/publications/economics-promotion-and-relegation-sports-leagues-case-english-football

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmGILrBPGjQ&t=471s